References

* InnoWorks Founder William Hwang coined the STEM2 (STEM^Squared) term to include Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Medicine.

1. Romans, C., AAmerica’s Negative Numbers. 2005, Cable News Network.

2. Jimerson, S., B. Egeland, and A. Teo, A longitudinal study of achievement trajectories: factors associated with change. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1999. 91(1): p. 116-126.

3. Simmons, R.G., A. Black, and Y. Zhou, African-American versus White children and the transition into junior high school. American Journal of Education, 1991. 99(4): p. 481-520.

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5. Entwisle, D.R. and K.L. Alexander, Summer setback: race, poverty, school composition, and mathematics achievement in the first two years of school. American Sociological Review, 1992. 57(1): p. 72-84.

6. Wallace, B., ed. The Center for Summer Learning: No “Time Off” for Learning. Johns Hopkins Professional Studies: School of Professional Studies in Business and Education Magazine, Fall 2006. p. 28-29.

7. Everson, H.T. and R.E. Millsap, Everyone gains: extracurricular activities in high school and higher SAT scores, in College Board Research Report. 2005, College Entrance Examination Board: New York. 7 p.

8. DuBois, D.L., et al., Effectiveness of Mentoring Programs for Youth: A Meta-Analytic Review. American Journal of Community Psychology, 2002. 30(2): p. 157-198.

9. Zull, J., The Art of Changing the Brain: Enriching the Practice of Teaching by Exploring the Biology of Learning. 2002, Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing, LLC.

10. Lumsden, L.S., Student motivation to learn, in ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management. 1994: Eugene, OR. 4 p.

11. Neathery, M.F., Elementary and secondary students' perceptions toward science: correlations with gender, ethnicity, ability, grade, and science achievement. Electronic Journal of Science Education, 1997. 2(1): 11 p.

12. Nolen, S.B., Learning environment, motivation, and achievement in high school science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2003. 40(4): p. 347-368.

13. Hwang, W.L. and M.K. Mian, eds. InnoWorks: Explorations. 2006, United Innoworks Academy, Inc.: Bethesda, MD. 295 p.

14. Hancock, M., Collaboration for youth development: Youth action programming. National Civic Review, 1994. 83(2): p. 139-145.

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